Finance & Business World

India’s Cabinet decided Thursday to allow more direct foreign investment in the nation’s huge retail industry, a move that could strengthen the country’s food supply chain and open India to giant global retailers such as Wal-Mart.

The Cabinet approved 51 percent foreign direct investment in multibrand retail and increased the FDI cap in single-brand retail to 100 percent despite resistance from both allies and opposition parties.

India currently allows 51 percent foreign investment in single-brand retailers and 100 percent for wholesale operations.

Top retailers like Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Tesco and IKEA have long lobbied to free the policy further. Foreign multibrand retailers have Indian partners in wholesale operations now but have no retail presence in the country of 1.2 billion people.

The spokesman for the ruling Congress party, Abhishek Manu Singhvi called the decision “centrist and reasonable.” He was speaking to NDTV news channel.

The main opposition, the rightwing Bharatiya Janata Party, decried the move.

“The government has clearly bowed to international pressure,” Chandan Mitra, a spokesman told the same TV channel.

Wal-Mart, British-based Tesco PLC and French-based retailer Carrefour welcomed the decision.

“We believe that allowing 51 percent FDI in multi-brand retail is a first important step,” Raj Jain, president of Walmart India, said in an e-mailed statement. “However, we will need to study the conditions and the finer details of the new policy and the impact that it will have on our ability to do business in India,” the statement added.

“Allowing foreign direct investment in retail would be good news for Indian consumers and businesses, and we await further details on any conditions,” Tesco said in its statement.

Tesco currently has a franchise arrangement with Tata Group’s Star Bazaar hypermarket chain, supplying merchandies to outlets in India.

Carrefour opened a New Delhi store last year and would not say what explansion plans might lie ahead.

“This legal evolution should contribute to modernize the Indian food supply chain and to fight against food inflation for the benefit of Indian customers,” its statement said. It added the decision would help India’s farmers and the nation’s general economic development.

Ashish Sanyal, managing director of AMP Retail Services Pvt. Ltd, said, “It’s a good decision that will benefit everyone.” He is a consultant who helps retailers enter India.

More details on the Cabinet decision were not immediately available.

India’s $400 billion retail market is the nation’s second-largest employer, after agriculture, according to consulting firm Deloitte.

Advocates see the move as a way to strengthen India’s almost absent food supply chain _ which is so beset by spoilage, poor infrastructure, hoarding and middlemen that the government estimates some 30 percent of produce rots in a nation with soaring food costs and tens of millions who go to bed hungry each night.

If companies like Wal-Mart and Tesco are allowed to open shops of their own, they may invest billions in improving farming techniques and getting produce into stores more efficiently, bringing down food inflation _ which has averaged 10.5 percent over the last year _ and possibly improving rural incomes.

The Ministry of Commerce says it will cost 76.9 billion rupees ($1.7 billion) to build the additional 35 million metric tons of food storage India needs.

In a July paper, it suggested that loosening restrictions on foreign investment in India’s retail sector could be the best way to get more storage space built.

Yet the country has struggled to find consensus because of concerns about what it would mean millions of small shopkeepers as well as the poor.

Sanyal said small businesses had nothing to fear.

“At the end of the day this is like the high tide. All boats will rise. We will learn from the big retailers.”

Political deadlock on long-promised reforms like this has helped cool foreign investor interest in India. Policymakers are under acute pressure to find ways to attract foreign currency to help strengthen the rupee, which hit an all-time low against the dollar this week.

Traders say the central bank has been buying rupees in recent days but those measures are unlikely to reverse the currency’s plunge absent more far-sighted policy reform.

In July, this year a government committee studying multi-brand retail had cleared the idea and suggested $100 million as minimum investment for foreign companies.

The discussions on opening up India’s retail sector have been going on for 10 years.

“There is a limit to how much time we can spend on a decision,” Singhvi said.

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Property and casualty insurer Alleghany Corp. has agreed to buy the insurer Transatlantic Holdings Inc. in a cash-and-stock deal valued at about $3.4 billion.

The companies say the deal values Transatlantic at about $59.79 per share. That’s a 10 percent premium to the company’s $54.43 Friday closing stock price.

New York-based Transatlantic had been courted by several businesses, receiving takeover offers from Validus Holdings Ltd. and a unit of Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc., National Indemnity Corp. It also said in October that it had started confidential talks with an unnamed party.

In the deal with Alleghany, Transatlantic stockholders will receive 0.145 shares of Alleghany and $14.22 in cash for each share they own.

The companies say the deal announced Monday is expected to close early next year.

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The bottom line is that Germany is likely to be the last man standing. The Euro is important to them and the responsibility for saving it will be decided in Berlin - not Paris, Brussels, or Frankfurt. It will be messy and will involve revamping the main treaty - the Treaty of Lisbon cashadvance.

Cam Harvey provides an overview of some of the finer points. Click here for blog.

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J.M. Smucker Co. said Thursday its fiscal second-quarter net income fell 15 percent as the food maker’s ingredient costs increased.

The maker of Folger’s coffee, Jif peanut butter and its namesake spreads, like most of its food maker peers, has raised prices to offset soaring costs for ingredients. But companies face a tricky balance between covering costs and not alienating consumers with higher prices. Smucker’s total volume fell 1 percent during the quarter.

Meanwhile, the company’s cost for goods such as oil, flour, milk and peanuts rose 30 percent.

“We are effectively managing this period of significant cost inflation,” said CEO Richard Smucker in a statement. Raising prices on products helped the company grow revenue 18 percent.

Orville, Ohio-based J.M. Smucker earned $127.2 million, or $1.12 per share, from August through October. That compares with $149.7 million, or $1.25 per share, in the same quarter last year.

Excluding one-time items, net income totaled $1.29 per share. That fell short of analyst expectations of $1.39 per share, according to FactSet.

Revenue rose to $1.51 billion from $1.28 billion last year. Analysts expected $1.5 billion.

Shoppers bought more items such as Pillsbury baking mixes and Jif peanut butter, but sales of non-branded drinks, Crisco oils, Folgers coffee and Pillsbury flour fell.

Ingredient costs, particularly for green coffee and peanuts, are expected to remain high for the rest of the year, and the company plans further price increases through April, the end of its fiscal year

Coffee has been an increasing focus for J.M. Smucker. It announced in October that it was buying a chunk of Sara Lee Corp.’s North American coffee and tea foodservice operations for $350 million. The two companies also announced plans at the time for a long-term partnership to work on a new liquid coffee drink.

On Thursday, J.M. Smucker also lowered its full year guidance due to costs related to issuing $750 million in long-term debt in October.

It now expects earnings, excluding restructuring, merger and integration costs and other one-time items, to be $4.90 to $5, from a prior range of $5 to $5.15 per share. Analysts expect net income of $5.11 per share.

The news came as J.M. Smucker said it is recalling 3,000 16-ounce jars of its Smucker’s Natural Peanut Butter Chunky from stores in several states because of possible salmonella contamination.

Another 16,000 jars included in the recall never left warehouses.

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A town hall meeting with Ben Bernanke and a group of military families discussing family finances wouldn’t normally draw much notice.

But for this particular event, the Federal Reserve chairman is venturing into Texas. And those who watch the Fed say the visit sends a message to Bernanke’s critics: The Fed is independent and won’t be intimidated.

Three months ago, Texas Gov. Rick Perry, who is seeking the Republican presidential nod, had sent a veiled threat: Bernanke would be treated “ugly” in Texas if he continued to pursue ever-lower interest rates _ a policy that Perry and some other critics say is akin to recklessly printing money.

Now, Bernanke is visiting Texas for the first time since then, to a U.S. Army fort in El Paso.

His destination may not be coincidental.

“There has to be a political significance to this trip, given what presidential candidate Perry said about the Fed chairman and about how badly he would be treated in Texas,” said David Jones, head of consultant DMJ Advisors and the author of books on the central bank. “The Fed sees Texas as a good place to make a stand to assert the Fed’s independence.”

The Fed wouldn’t say whether the El Paso town hall meeting was planned before or after Perry made his remarks.

Fed officials say only that Fort Bliss was chosen because it has a successful financial literacy program that Bernanke wants to highlight. The town hall meeting is the latest in a series of public outreach efforts Bernanke has made, they say.

Over the past 2 1/2 years, Bernanke has attended a half-dozen informal gatherings in Kansas City, Atlanta, Cleveland and other cities. This week’s town hall meeting is his first in Texas.

David Wyss, an economist and former Fed staffer, said the site of Thursday’s event was likely influenced not just by Perry’s remarks but also by criticism from another Texan seeking the presidency: Rep. Ron Paul, a Republican congressman who favors abolishing the Fed.

“The fact that he is getting a lot of criticism from the two Texas candidates is a good reason to go to Texas,” Wyss said.

Perry’s remarks about Bernanke drew condemnation, including sharp retorts from former Vice President Dick Cheney, political adviser Karl Rove and other members of President George W. Bush’s administration.

Speaking in Iowa in August, Perry had said:

“If this guy prints more money between now and the election, I don’t know what y’all would do to him in Iowa, but we would treat him pretty ugly down in Texas.”

Perry added that the Fed chairman’s policymaking could be viewed as “treasonous.”

The Perry campaign declined Tuesday to discuss the governor’s previous remarks.

Bernanke, a Republican, served as Bush’s chief economist before being chosen in 2006 to lead the Fed. He hasn’t responded publicly to Perry’s remarks.

On Wednesday morning in Washington, Bernanke will make welcoming remarks at a Fed conference on small business and entrepreneurship.

Last week, Bernanke did address criticism from House Speaker John Boehner and Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell. In September, McConnell and Boehner were among four Republican leaders who signed a letter urging Bernanke to refrain from policies that they said could escalate inflation in the future.

When asked at a news conference last week if that letter had breached the Fed’s political independence, Bernanke was polite but firm.

“We listen to everyone’s input,” he said. “We are going to make our decisions based on what’s good for the economy, and we’re not going to take politics into account.”

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U.S. workers increased their productivity this summer by the largest amount in a year and half, and they cost their employers less. The trend is good for corporate profits but not necessarily for job growth.

The Labor Department says productivity rose at an annual rate of 3.1 percent in the July-September quarter after two straight quarterly declines. Labor costs dropped at an annual rate of 2.4 percent in the third quarter, the first decline since late 2010 pay day loan lenders.

Productivity is the amount of output per hour of work. The big jump in productivity in the third quarter reflected the fact that economy had its best quarterly growth in a year while hours worked were little changed.

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PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti

MADISON COUNTY

Bangkok residents jammed bus stations and highways on Wednesday to flee the flood-threatened Thai capital, while others built cement walls to protect their shops or homes from advancing waters surging from the country’s flooded north.

“The amount of water is gigantic,” Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra said. “Some water must spread into Bangkok areas but we will try to make it pass through as quickly as possible.”

Some neighborhoods on the city’s fringes were already experiencing waist-high flooding, but central areas remained dry.

Flood waters breached barriers protecting Bangkok’s second largest airport on Tuesday, halting commercial flights and underlining the gravity of the Southeast Asian nation’s deepening crisis, which has seen flood waters inundate a third of the country and kill 366 people over the last three months.

Yingluck’s government declared a five-day public holiday on Tuesday in affected areas, including Bangkok, while the Education Ministry ordered schools to close until Nov. 7. Many anxious city residents were taking advantage of the holiday to leave the capital or prepare for a possible watery siege.

Panic buying of food and other necessities emptied the shelves of many supermarkets, and walls of sandbags or cinderblocks covered the entrances of many buildings.

Yingluck urged everyone in the capital to move their belongings to higher ground and warned that the city could be swamped if flood barriers at three key locations fail.

“If the three spots 100% free credit score… remain intact, the situation will improve. However, if we can’t protect one of the spots, then the surrounding areas will be flooded. In the worst case, if we can’t protect all three spots, all of Bangkok will be flooded,” she said.

A day earlier, she warned that the floods could range from 4 inches to 5 feet (10 centimeters to 1.5 meters) deep in the capital.

Thousands of people heeded advice to evacuate to official shelters, including many fleeing for a second or third time after their original refuges were overtaken by the flooding.

The exodus included hundreds of inmates from three prisons _ many on death row _ who were taken by bus from Bangkok’s northern suburbs to facilities in other provinces.

Residents living near Mahasawat Canal in western Bangkok evacuated on Wednesday after a rapid overnight rise in water.

“I decided to leave because the water came in very fast,” said Jong Sonthimen, a 57-year-old factory cleaner. A boat carried her and two plastic garbage bags with her belongings to a Buddhist temple, where pickup trucks waited to take residents to a safer area.

Last week, Yingluck ordered key floodgates opened in Bangkok to help drain runoff through urban canals to the sea, but there is great concern that rising tides in the Gulf of Thailand this weekend could slow critical outflows and flood the city.

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A faster iPhone with better software and an improved camera went on sale in seven countries on Friday as hundreds of buyers camped out for hours to be among the first to get one.

About 200 people were at Apple’s Fifth Avenue store in Manhattan as the iPhone 4S went on sale at 8 a.m. Steve Wozniak, who created Apple with Steve Jobs in a Silicon Valley garage in 1976, was first in line at a store in Los Gatos, Calif.

Many said the event resembled a remembrance to Jobs, who died last week, a day after Apple Inc. announced the new phone.

Emily Smith, a 27-year-old user experience designer in New York, checked in to the line on the location-centric social network Foursquare. She got a virtual Steve Jobs badge that read: “Here’s to the crazy ones. ThankYouSteve.”

Others joked that the 4S model stood “for Steve.”

Many people came out despite the fact that they could have ordered phones online and had them shipped to their homes or offices.

Apple and phone companies in seven countries started taking orders for the iPhone 4S last Friday. Apple said Monday that more than 1 million orders came in, breaking the record set by last year’s model, which was available in fewer countries and on fewer carriers.

The death of Jobs could be affecting sales. Marketing experts say products designed by widely admired figures such as Jobs usually see an upsurge in sales after their death.

Una Chen, a 24-year-old banker, said she was just happy to swap out her BlackBerry Bold for the new iPhone, particularly after a BlackBerry outage affected her phone this week.

“It’s not good to have a phone and not be able to use it,” Chen said.

Wozniak got in line at the California store even though he already had two new phones on the way. He told television station NBC11 on Thursday that while he waited for the store’s opening Friday morning, he planned on getting caught up on his email and chatting with fans.

In the U.S., sales were beginning at 8 a.m. in each time zone. They were available at Apple stores, along with those of the three partner carriers, AT&T Inc., Sprint Nextel Corp. and Verizon Wireless. Some Best Buy, Target and Walmart stores and authorized resellers also carried the phones.

The base model of the iPhone 4S costs $199 in the U.S. with a two-year contract. It comes with 16 gigabytes of storage. Customers can get 32 gigabytes for $299 and 64 gigabytes for $399. Customers have a choice of white or black.

The phones also debuted Friday in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and Britain. They are coming to 22 more countries by the end of the month.

The phone _ Apple’s fifth _ has a faster processor and an improved camera compared with last year’s model. It has a new operating system that allows you to sync content without needing a computer. It also includes a futuristic, voice-activated service that responds to spoken commands and questions such as “Do I need an umbrella today?”

However, some customers and investors were disappointed that Apple didn’t launch a more radical new model _ an iPhone 5. It’s been more than a year since Apple’s previous model was released.

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